What are the main features of Java?

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Java is a class-based, statically-typed, object-oriented language whose key promise is "write once, run anywhere" — source compiles to bytecode that runs on the JVM on any OS. Platform independence — bytecode runs on any JVM (Windows, Linux, macOS). Object-oriented — encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism with single class inheritance. Strongly & statically typed — type errors caught at compile time; generics are enforced. Automatic memory management — the garbage collector reclaims unused objects. Multi-threaded — built-in Thread and java.util.concurrent APIs. Secure & robust — sandboxed execution, no pointer arithmetic, strict exception handling. Rich ecosystem — massive standard library plus Spring, Hibernate, Maven/Gradle. Beyond listing features, explain why each matters practically. Platform independence enables enterprise deployment across environments. Strong typing catches bugs at compile time. Garbage collection prevents memory leaks.