What are the four DORA metrics (Lead Time for Changes, Deployment Frequency, MTTR, Change Failure Rate)? How are they used?

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The DORA metrics (DevOps Research and Assessment, now part of Google Cloud) are four objective measures of software delivery performance, validated across thousands of organizations. 1. Lead Time for Changes — time from code commit to running in production. Elite: less than 1 hour. 2. Deployment Frequency — how often you deploy to production. Elite: on-demand (multiple per day). 3. Mean Time to Recovery (MTTR) — time to recover from a production failure. Elite: less than 1 hour. 4. Change Failure Rate — % of deployments causing a failure / rollback / hotfix. Elite: 0-15%. Why these four: two measure throughput (Lead Time, Deploy Frequency); two measure stability (MTTR, CFR). High-performing teams beat low-performing teams on both . Used to: benchmark teams, justify investment in tooling/automation, drive continuous improvement. Memorize the four DORA metrics and what 'Elite' performance looks like for each. Citing them by name signals you've read 'Accelerate' or follow industry research.